Smart City Maturity Analysis Based on COBIT 2019 and SNI ISO 37122:2019
Abstract
In the current era of digital transformation, the development of Smart City is crucial for regions that want to improve public services, stimulate economic growth, and improve the quality of life of their citizens. West Sumbawa Regency, with its tourism and creative economy potential, has adopted the Smart City initiative. However, its effectiveness is hampered by suboptimal IT governance, limited digital infrastructure, and a lack of standardized integrated evaluation models. This study aims to analyze and assess the maturity of Smart City in West Sumbawa Regency by combining the COBIT 2019 framework for IT governance and SNI ISO 37122:2019 for smart city performance indicators. Using a mixed-methods approach—including a survey of 150 stakeholders for quantitative analysis and in-depth interviews with 50 key informants for qualitative analysis—as well as PLS-SEM analysis, capability maturity assessment, and GAP analysis, the results show that most IT governance processes are at maturity levels 2–3. This indicates a significant gap between existing IT governance practices and the achievement of Smart City indicators, particularly in aligning corporate objectives and risk management. The main contribution of this research is the development of an integrated evaluation model that provides a holistic evidence-based roadmap for local governments to formulate more effective Smart City policies to achieve sustainable smart city transformation.
Downloads
References
Alizadeh, H., & Sharifi, A. (2023). Toward a societal smart city: Clarifying the social justice dimension of smart cities. Sustainable Cities and Society, 95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2023.104612
Aljowder, T., Ali, M., & Kurnia, S. (2023). Development of a Maturity Model for Assessing Smart Cities: A Focus Area Maturity Model. Smart Cities, 6(4), 2150–2175. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities6040099
Aragão, F. V., Chiroli, D. M. de G., Zola, F. C., Aragão, E. V., Marinho, L. H. N., Correa, A. L. C., & Colmenero, J. C. (2023). Smart Cities Maturity Model - A Multicriteria Approach. Sustainability, 15(8), 6695. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086695
Bibri, S. E. (2021). The underlying components of data-driven smart sustainable cities of the future: a case study approach to an applied theoretical framework. European Journal of Futures Research, 9(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40309-021-00182-3
Bibri, S. E., Alexandre, A., Sharifi, A., & Krogstie, J. (2023). Environmentally sustainable smart cities and their converging AI, IoT, and big data technologies and solutions: an integrated approach to an extensive literature review. Energy Informatics, 6(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42162-023-00259-2
Bibri, S. E., & Krogstie, J. (2021). A Novel Model for Data-Driven Smart Sustainable Cities of the Future: A Strategic Roadmap to Transformational Change in the Era of Big Data. Future Cities and Environment, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.5334/fce.116
Bokhari, S. A. A., & Seunghwan, M. (2024). How Do Institutional and Technological Innovations Influence the Smart City Governance? Focused on Stakeholder Satisfaction and Crime Rate. Sustainability, 16(10), 4246. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16104246
Bowen, G. A. (2021). Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method. Qualitative Research Journal, 21(2), 27–40.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021). Thematic Analysis: A Practical Guide. Sage.
Burbayeva, P., & Mendybayev, B. (2022). Managing Smart City development using citizen feedback: transforming opinions into a multi-criteria tool for evaluation and validation of city policies. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta: Seriâ 18, Sociologiâ i Politologiâ, 28, 195–213. https://doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2022-28-2-266-291
Caselli, B., Pellicelli, G., Rossetti, S., & Zazzi, M. (2022). How Are Medium-Sized Cities Implementing Their Smart City Governance? Experiences from the Emilia-Romagna Region. Sustainability, 14(22), 15300. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142215300
Chen, Z., & Chan, I. C. C. (2023). Smart cities and quality of life: a quantitative analysis of citizens’ support for smart city development. Information Technology and People, 36(1). https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-07-2021-0577
Chourabi, H., Nam, T., Walker, S., Gil-Garcia, J. R., Mellouli, S., Nahon, K., Pardo, T. A., & Scholl, H. J. (2021). Understanding Smart Cities: An Integrative Framework. Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.
Çınar, Z. M., Zeeshan, Q., & Korhan, O. (2021). A Framework for Industry 4.0 Readiness and Maturity of Smart Manufacturing Enterprises: A Case Study. Sustainability, 13(12), 6659. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126659
Cook, M., & Karvonen, A. (2024). Urban planning and the knowledge politics of the smart city. Urban Studies, 61(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/00420980231177688
Cortese, T. T. P., Almeida, J. F. S. de, Batista, G. Q., Storopoli, J. E., Liu, A., & Yigitcanlar, T. (2022). Understanding Sustainable Energy in the Context of Smart Cities: A PRISMA Review. Energies, 15(7), 2382. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15072382
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2021). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches (4th edn, Ed.). Sage.
De Haes, S., Van Grembergen, W., & Debreceny, R. S. (2020). COBIT 5 and COBIT 2019: Frameworks for effective IT governance. Journal of Information Systems, 34(2), 67–89.
De Haes, S., Van Grembergen, W., & Debreceny, R. S. (2021). COBIT 5 and Enterprise Governance of Information Technology: Building Blocks and Research Opportunities. Journal of Information Systems, 35(1), 307–324.
Fachinelli, A. C., Yigitcanlar, T., Sabatini-Marques, J., Cortese, T. T. P., Sotto, D., & Libardi, B. (2023). Urban Smartness and City Performance: Identifying Brazilian Smart Cities through a Novel Approach. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310323
Ghazinoory, S., Roshandel, J., Parvin, F., Nasri, S., & Fatemi, M. (2024). Smart city maturity models: A multidimensional synthesized approach. WIREs Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/widm.1516
Gil-Garcia, J. R., Chen, T., & Gasco-Hernandez, M. (2023). Smart City Results and Sustainability: Current Progress and Emergent Opportunities for Future Research. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108082
Gorgona, L. (2021). Building a Maturity Model for COBIT 2019 Based on CMMI. ISACA Journal, 6.
Guenduez, A. A., & Mergel, I. (2022). The role of dynamic managerial capabilities and organizational readiness in smart city transformation. Cities, 129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103791
Guo, L., Chai, Y., Yang, C., Zhang, L., Guo, H., & Yang, H. (2023). Has smart city transition elevated the provision of healthcare services? Evidence from China’s Smart City Pilot Policy. DIGITAL HEALTH, 9. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076231197335
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Evaluation of Formative Measurement Models (pp. 91–113). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7_5
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
Hajduk, S. (2020). Using multivariate statistical methods to assess the urban smartness on the example of selected European cities. PLOS ONE, 15(12), e0240260–e0240260. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240260
Haster, A. P., & Hartomo, K. D. (2022). Analisis Tingkat Kematangan Smart City Kabupaten Lombok Utara Menggunakan COBIT 2019. Jurnal Media Informatika Budidarma, 6(3), 1459. https://doi.org/10.30865/mib.v6i3.4344
Hui, C. X., Dan, G., Alamri, S., & Toghraie, D. (2023). Greening smart cities: An investigation of the integration of urban natural resources and smart city technologies for promoting environmental sustainability. Sustainable Cities and Society, 99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2023.104985
ISACA. (2018). COBIT 2019 Framework: Introduction and Methodology (Vol. 64). Schaumburg, Il Isaca C.
ISACA. (2019). COBIT | Control Objectives for Information Technologies | ISACA. https://www.isaca.org/resources/cobit
Khan, G. F., Sarstedt, M., Shiau, W.-L., Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Fritze, M. P. (2019). Methodological research on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Internet Research, 29(3), 407–429. https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-12-2017-0509
Kim, N., & Yang, S. (2021). Characteristics of conceptually related smart cities (Crscs) services from the perspective of sustainability. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063334
Kim, N., & Yang, S. (2023). Sociotechnical Characteristics of Conceptually Related Smart Cities’ Services from an International Perspective. Smart Cities, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities6010011
Komninos, N., Kakderi, C., Mora, L., Panori, A., & Sefertzi, E. (2022). Towards High Impact Smart Cities: a Universal Architecture Based on Connected Intelligence Spaces. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 13(2), 1169–1197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-021-00767-0
Kourtzanidis, K., Angelakoglou, K., Apostolopoulos, V., Giourka, P., & Nikolopoulos, N. (2021). Assessing Impact, Performance and Sustainability Potential of Smart City Projects: Towards a Case Agnostic Evaluation Framework. Sustainability, 13(13), 7395. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137395
Kristiningrum, E., & Kusumo, H. (2021). Indicators of Smart City Using SNI ISO 37122:2019. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1096(1), 12013. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1096/1/012013
Kumar, P., Pal, A., & Hsieh, S.-H. (2023). A Review of Smart City Maturity Assessment Models. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 99–107. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32515-1_8
Lee, S. (2023). The Acceptance Model of Smart City Service: Focused on Seoul. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032695
Lee, S., & Kim, H. (2022). Evaluating smart city maturity: A COBIT 2019 perspective. Journal of Urban Technology, 29(4), 55–74.
Mattoni, B., Pompei, L., Losilla, J. C., & Bisegna, F. (2020). Planning smart cities: Comparison of two quantitative multicriteria methods applied to real case studies. Sustainable Cities and Society, 60, 102249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102249
Meijer, A., & Bolívar, M. P. R. (2021). Governing the Smart City: A Review of the Literature on Smart Urban Governance. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 87(3), 626–644.
Micozzi, N., & Yigitcanlar, T. (2022). Understanding Smart City Policy: Insights from the Strategy Documents of 52 Local Governments. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/su141610164
Mora, L., Gerli, P., Ardito, L., & Messeni Petruzzelli, A. (2023). Smart city governance from an innovation management perspective: Theoretical framing, review of current practices, and future research agenda. Technovation, 123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2023.102717
Myeong, S., Park, J., & Lee, M. (2022). Research Models and Methodologies on the Smart City: A Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability, 14(3), 1687. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031687
Nasional, B. S. (2019). SNI ISO 37122:2019. Perkotaan dan Masyarakat Berkelanjutan - Indikator untuk Kota Cerdas.
Oh, J., & Seo, M. (2021). Measuring Citizens-Centric Smart City: Development and Validation of Ex-Post Evaluation Framework. Sustainability, 13(20), 11497. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011497
Patton, M. Q. (2022). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (5th edn, Ed.). Sage.
Schaffers, H., Komninos, N., Pallot, M., Trousse, B., Nilsson, M., & Oliveira, A. (2020). Smart cities and the future internet: Towards cooperation frameworks for open innovation. Future Internet, 4(3), 307–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101253
Sharif, R. Al, & Pokharel, S. (2022). Smart City Dimensions and Associated Risks: Review of literature. Sustainable Cities and Society, 77, 103542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103542
Sharifi, A., Allam, Z., Bibri, S. E., & Khavarian-Garmsir, A. R. (2024). Smart cities and sustainable development goals (SDGs): A systematic literature review of co-benefits and trade-offs. Cities, 146, 104659.
Smith, H., Medero, G. M., Crane De Narváez, S., & Castro Mera, W. (2023). Exploring the relevance of ‘smart city’ approaches to low-income communities in Medellín, Colombia. GeoJournal, 88(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-022-10574-y
Stokols, A. (2023). The insurgent smart city: How a social movement created an alternative imaginary of the smart city. Journal of Urban Affairs. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2023.2216887
Utomo, I. H., & Tamma, R. A. (2022). Readiness of Smart City Implementation in Klaten, Indonesia. KnE Social Sciences, 357–367–357–367. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v7i5.10563
Widiyastuti, I., Nupikso, D., Putra, N. A., & Intanny, V. A. (2021). Smart Sustainable City Framework: Usulan Model Kota Cerdas Yang Berkelanjutan dan Integratif. 22, 13. https://doi.org/10.31346/jpikom.v22i1.3297
Copyright (c) 2025 Syuaib Ahkam, R. V. Hari Ginardi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
